Properties of Titanium Grades
Titanium alloys are well-known for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and superior performance in demanding applications. The characteristics of titanium can vary significantly depending on the grade. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of Titanium Grades 1 to 23, detailing their specific properties and applications. Also included is a comparison of titanium with other metals, so you can make an informed choice based on your specific requirements.
Titanium Grades Properties Table
| Grade | Composition | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 | 99.5% pure titanium | 240-370 | 170-275 | 24-30 | 4.50 | Chemical processing, marine, medical implants, low-stress applications |
| Grade 2 | 99.2% pure titanium | 345-480 | 275-415 | 20-25 | 4.51 | Aerospace, marine, automotive, chemical industries |
| Grade 3 | 99% pure titanium | 450-620 | 345-485 | 15-20 | 4.53 | Aerospace, marine, industrial applications |
| Grade 4 | 98.8% pure titanium | 550-760 | 485-690 | 10-15 | 4.54 | Aerospace, automotive, industrial, marine |
| Grade 5 | Ti-6Al-4V (90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) | 895-1,200 | 830-1,100 | 10-15 | 4.43 | Aerospace, military, high-performance automotive, turbine blades |
| Grade 6 | Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (90% titanium, 5% aluminum, 2.5% tin) | 690-930 | 620-860 | 15-18 | 4.45 | Aerospace, medical, high-strength applications |
| Grade 7 | Ti-0.15Pd (99.5% titanium, 0.15% palladium) | 450-550 | 275-430 | 10-20 | 4.52 | Corrosion-resistant applications, chemical processing |
| Grade 9 | Ti-3Al-2.5V (90% titanium, 3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) | 620-825 | 500-690 | 10-15 | 4.48 | Aerospace, automotive, sports equipment |
| Grade 12 | Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (98% titanium, 0.3% molybdenum, 0.8% nickel) | 550-700 | 480-620 | 12-18 | 4.50 | Chemical processing, heat exchangers, marine applications |
| Grade 14 | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 2% tin, 4% zirconium, 6% molybdenum) | 950-1,200 | 880-1,050 | 10-15 | 4.44 | Aerospace, military, applications with extreme strength needs |
| Grade 16 | Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with added low oxygen for improved ductility | 900-1,200 | 850-1,100 | 14-18 | 4.43 | Aerospace, medical applications with high demands for ductility |
| Grade 18 | Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo (90% titanium, 3% aluminum, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum) | 1,100-1,200 | 1,000-1,100 | 10-15 | 4.48 | Aerospace, nuclear, marine, high-strength applications |
| Grade 20 | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 2% tin, 4% zirconium, 2% molybdenum) | 950-1,200 | 880-1,050 | 10-15 | 4.45 | Aerospace, military, applications requiring high-temperature resistance |
| Grade 21 | Ti-4Al-2.5V (96% titanium, 4% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) | 1,000-1,300 | 900-1,100 | 10-15 | 4.43 | Aerospace, automotive, turbines |
| Grade 22 | Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 2% tin, 4% zirconium, 6% molybdenum) | 1,100-1,300 | 1,000-1,200 | 10-15 | 4.46 | High-strength aerospace and marine applications |
| Grade 23 | Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) | 830-1,100 | 760-950 | 10-15 | 4.43 | Medical implants, aerospace, high-performance applications |
Comparison of Titanium and Other Metals
Titanium is often compared to other metals such as aluminum, stainless steel, and nickel due to its excellent performance in demanding environments. Below is a comparison of these metals based on key properties:
| Property | Titanium | Aluminum | Stainless Steel | Nickel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (g/cm³) | 4.43-4.51 | 2.70 | 7.85 | 8.90 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 240-1,200 | 150-600 | 520-1,200 | 340-1,200 |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | Good | Excellent | Excellent |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 21-22 | 160 | 15-20 | 90 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1,668 | 660 | 1,400 | 1,455 |
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 105 | 69 | 193 | 200 |
| Cost | High | Low | Medium | Medium-High |
Key Takeaways:
- Density: Titanium is denser than aluminum but lighter than stainless steel and nickel, offering an optimal strength-to-weight ratio.
- Tensile Strength: Titanium grades, especially Grade 5 and Grade 23, offer superior tensile strength compared to aluminum, but it is generally lower than that of stainless steel and nickel.
- Corrosion Resistance: Titanium excels in environments where corrosion resistance is critical. It outperforms aluminum and is on par with stainless steel and nickel.
- Thermal Conductivity: Titanium has a relatively low thermal conductivity, which makes it useful in applications where heat resistance is required.
- Elastic Modulus: Titanium has a lower elastic modulus than stainless steel and nickel, making it more flexible and less stiff. This can be advantageous in applications that require a balance of strength and flexibility.
Important Considerations When Choosing Titanium Grades
When selecting a titanium grade for a specific application, consider the following factors:
- Mechanical Properties: Understand the required strength, ductility, and toughness for your application. For instance, Grade 5 is ideal for high-strength applications, while Grade 1 and Grade 2 are more suited for corrosion-resistant environments with less mechanical stress.
- Corrosion Resistance: Titanium’s ability to resist corrosion makes it perfect for marine, chemical, and medical industries. For highly corrosive environments, Grade 1 or Grade 2 may be ideal.
- Temperature Resistance: Titanium can withstand high temperatures but is most effective at moderate heat ranges. For high-temperature applications, consider alloys like Grade 5 or Grade 23.
- Weight Considerations: When weight is a critical factor, Grade 9 is an excellent choice due to its combination of strength and light weight.
By understanding these properties and carefully evaluating the specific needs of your application, you can select the best titanium grade to ensure optimal performance and durability.
Conclusion
Titanium offers exceptional properties for a wide range of industries, from aerospace and military to medical and chemical processing. Each titanium grade has unique characteristics that make it ideal for particular applications. By comparing these properties with other metals and understanding the strengths and limitations of each titanium grade, you can make informed decisions for your projects. For more details on selecting the right titanium material for your needs, please Contact Us.